lectures: jara lecture series

• right-click for more OPTIONS.

lectures: sundiang lecture series

• post script: files are currently being encoded to MP3 format. please standby for succeeding post.

lectures: nachura lecture series

• notes: the series does not contain four(4) files which exceeded the 25 MB files size limit imposed by box.net.
• hint: click on 'post title' if server window fails to load
• additional files: justice nachura's live lectures (missing files from BOX.net @MULTIPLY), i think you need to register...
  

Q&A: suggested answers to the bar examinations

LINKS to FILES:

• 01. remedial law
• 02. criminal law
• 03. mercantile law
• 04. taxation law
• 05. civil law
• 06. political law (file may be viewed 'online').
• 07. labor and social legislation (file may also be viewed online).
  

note: most files are encrypted from source which may only be view by 'downloading' it and opening the file with a program in your computer (adobe reader ver. 5 -7).

syllabus: constitutional law I

description:
an in depth study of the structure and powers of the government of the republic of the philippines, and treats of the relation between the state and its body politic. specifically, dealing with the nature of the state, supremacy of the constitution and the observance of the tenets of democracy in the different workings of government organizations and operations.

chapter i- general considerations
a. political law and constitutional law, concept, relation, definition

• -macariola v. asuncion, 114 scra77(1982)

a1. role of constitutional law
-authority v. liberty/right and responsibility

chapter ii-constitution
a. concept and purpose
b. distinctions from inferior laws
c. classification
c1. as to form-written and unwritten

• -the magna carta of great britain, june 15, 1215

c2. as to origin
c3. as to manner of amendment
d. qualities of a good written constitution
d1. brevity
d2. clarity
d3 comprehensive
e. essential parts of a constitution
-preamble, true office and function

• e1. constitution of liberty
  
• e2. constitution of government
  
• e3. constitution of sovereignty
  

chapter iii-state
a. definition and concept
b. distinction from nation
c. origin
d. structure
e. the philippines, state and nation
f. elements of state-people, territory, government,sovereignty (minority view to include recognition and high level of civilization)

• -the vatican, a state?

chapter iv-people
a. as element of state

• -art.44. civil code-state as a juridical person
  

b. citizenship and suffrage
b1. citizenship, concept, distinguished from nationality
b2. kinds: natural born, naturalized-art iv, sec 1
c. modes of acquisition

• c1. jus sanguinis
  
• c2. jus soli
  
• c3. naturalization
  

d. who are citizens? art iv, sec 1
d1. natural born citizens-sec 2
d2. naturalized citizens- sec 2
e. citizenship by naturalization
e1. legislative-individual, en masse
e2. judicial- see commonwealth no. 473
e3. administrative screening but confirmation by legislation

• -see loi 270; ca 63; pd 491
  
• -moya lim yao v. comm. of immigration, 41 scra 292
  

f. loss and reacquisition

• -art iv, sec 3; ca no. 63 -see pd 725(1976)
• -frivaldo v. comelec, 174 scra 245(1989)
• -labo v. comelec, 176 scra 1(1989), res. of sept. 26,, 1989
• -yu v. defensor-santiago, 159 scra 364(1989)
• -aznar v. comelec, 185 scra 703(1990)
• -jao v. republic, 121 scra 358(1983)
• -mercado v. manzano,   
• -valles v. comelec
  

g. dual allegiance- const. art iv, sec 5
h. suffrage-art iv, sec 4
h1. concept
h2. qualifications and disqualifications
h3. occasion for exercise

• -election
  
• -plebiscite
  
• -initiative and referendum art xvii, sec 2, 3, 4
  
• art vi, sec 32
  
• art xiii, sec 16
  
• r.a. 6735
  

chapter v-territory
a. concept
b. components, generally terrestial, maritime and fluvial, airspace
c. philippine territory
c1. philippine archipelago
c2. other territories over which the philippines has sovereign jurisdiction
1. elements; terrestial, maritime, and fluvial, airspace, seabed, subsoil, insular shelves, and other submarine areas.

• -art i, sec 1
  
• -ra 3045; ra 5446
• -pd 1596(june 11, 1978)
• -pd 1599(june 11, 1978) -200 mi. eez
• -kalayaan islands a.k.a spratley claim, flashpoint in international law
• -philippine claim to sabah
• -unclos convention on the law of the sea(1982) sec 46-54
• -law of the sea(other sources, int'l. tribunal)
  

limits of the archipelago
1. treaty of paris. art iii(1898)
2. treaty between spain and the us(nov 7, 1900)
3. treaty between us and great britain(jan 2, 1930)

• - see magallona, a primer on the law of the sea (1997)pp. 75-95
  

chapter vi-government
a. definition
b. distinguish from state, administration
c. classification

• -according to legality of creation- de jure and de facto
• -lawyers league for a better phils. v. pres. aquino, gr 713148,73972,73990, may 22, 1986
• -according to division of powers within the state-unitary and federal
• -according to number of persons exercising powers- monarchy, aristocracy, democracy
• -according to relationship of executive to legislative- presidential and parliamentary; mixed
• -according to accountability to people-autocracy and democracy

d. functions

• -bacani v. nacoco, 100 phil 468
  

e. duty of gov't.- art ii, sec 4; 20

• -marine radio communicationn assn. v. reyes, 191 scra 205(1990)
  

chapter vii -sovereignty and jurisdiction
a. sovereignty-definition, aspects
-essential qualities
1. legal omnipotence

• -sta. rosa mining co. v. min. of natural resources, 156 scra 1(1987)
  

2. indivisibility
3. inalienability
-acquisition
b. jurisdiction
1.0. concept
2.0. classes
2.1. territorial-art 14, civil code
2.2. extraterritorial-art 2, rev. penal code
2.3. personal-art 15, civil code
c. immunity from suit

• -art xvi, sec 3.
• -act no. 3083; ca 327; art 2189, 2189 ncc; pd 1807(jan 16, 1981)
• c1. basis
• -us v. ruiz, 136 scra 487 (may 22, 1985)
• -holy see v. rosario, 238 scra 524 (dec 1, 1994)
• -jusmag v. nlrc, 239 scra 224 (dec 15, 1994)
• -us v. reyes, 219 scra 192 (mar 1,1992 1993)
• -rep v. sandoval, 220 scra 124

c2. how consent is given

• -rep v. villasor, 54 scra 83 (1973)
• -rep v. purissima, 78 scra 470 (1977)
• -pnb v. pabalan, 83 scra 595 (1978)
• -merritt v. govt. of pi, 34 phil 311 (1916)
• -usa v. guinto, 182 scra 644 (1990)

2.1. action v. public officials

• -del mar v. pva, 51 scra 346 (1973)

2.2. implied consent

• -ministerio v. cfi of cebu, 40 scra 465 (1971)
• -amigable v. cuenca, 43 scra 360 (1972)
• - santiago v. republic, 87 scra 294 (1978)
• -us v. ruiz, 136 scra 487 (1985)
• -sanders v. veridiano, 162 scra 644 (1990)
• -us v. guinto, 182 scra 644 (1990)

2.3. scope of consent

• -comm. of public highways v. san diego, 31 scra 616 (1970)
• -rep v. palacio, 23 scra 899
• -mun of makati v. ca, 196 scra 206

2.4. distinguish between suability and liability

• -mun of san fernando v. judge firme, 195 scra 616 (1970)

chapter viii. rights and prerogatives of states
a. rights
existence and self-preservation
equality
independence: territorial and personal
sovereignty
good name
diplomatic interchange
b. imperium: act of state

• -go tek v. deportation board, 79 scra 17 (sep 9, 1977)

c. dominium

• -art xii, sec 2; regalian doctrine

d. parents patriae

• -govt. of pi v. monte de piedad, 35 phil 728 (dec 13, 1916)
• -cabanas v. pilapil, 58 scra 94 (jul 25, 1974)

chapter ix -adoption and amendment of constitution
a. participants-
a1. proposing-agent-legislature: concon/concomm, electorate, other agents

• -defensor santiago v. comelec, 270 scra 108 (mar. 19, 1997)
• -pirma v. comelec, 23 sept. 1997

a2. ratifying agent- electorate, legislature, conventions
b. constitutional convention- call, membership

• -tolentino v. comelec, 41 scra 702 (oct 16, 1971)

c. stages in adoption: proposal, submission, ratification

• -gonzales v. comelec, 21 scra 74(nov 9,1967)

d. methods of amendment

• -art xvii, sec 1-4
• -imbong v. comelec, 35 scra 28 (sept 11, 1970) gr.l-32432
• -javellana v. exec. sec., 50 scra30 (mar 31, 1973)
• -sanidad v. comelec, 73 scra 333(oct 12, 1976)
• -mitra v. comelec, 104 scra 59 (april 4, 1981)

chapter x -structure of government
a. underlying priciples
a1. separation of powers and corollary principles

• -marcos v. manglapus,117 scra 668 (sept 16, 1989) gr. 88211

a2. non-delegation of powers

• -chiongbian v. orbos, 245 scra 253(jun 22, 1995) gr 967521

b. government structures under:

• -1935, 1973, 1987 consti.

chapter xi -legislative department
a. organization and membership
a1. composition and appointment

• -senate, art vi sec2
• -house, art vi sec 5-8/ ra 7941
• -mariano v. comelec, 242 scra 211(mar 7,1995) gr 118577
• -francisco v. house of rep.(impeachment initiation case)(nov 10, 2003) gr 160261
• a2. election, term and contests

-qualifications
-residence

• -marcos v. comelec, 248 scra 300 (sep 18, 1995) gr 119976
• -aquino v. comelec, 248 scra 400 (sep 18,1995) gr 120265

a3.compensation and privileges

• -philconsa v. gimenez, 15 scra 479(dec 18, 1965) gr l-23326
• -osmena v. pendatun, 109 phil 863 (oct 28, 1960) gr l-17144
• -jimenez v. cabangbang, 17 scra 376 (aug 3, 1966) gr 15905

a4. disqualifications and disabilities
-incompatible and forbidden offices, sec 13 art vi
-prohibitions. sec 14 art vi

• -puyat v. de guzman, 113 scra 31(mar 25 1982) gr 51122
• -villegas v. legaspi, 113 scra 39 (25 mar, 1982) gr 53869
• -adaza v. pacana, 135 scra 431 (18 mar, 1985) l-61859

-conflict of interest, duty to disclose, sec 12, 20, art vi
-internal government
1. officers, sessions, quorum, discipline of members, journal

• -avelino v. cuenco, 83 phil 17(mar 4, 1949) l-2821
• -vera v. avelino, 77 phil 192 (aug 31, 1946) l-543
• -osmena v. pendatun, supra (oct 28, 1960)
• -us v. pons, 34 phil 729 (aug 12, 1916) 11530
• -mabanag v. lopez vito, 78 phil 1
• -phil. judges assn. v. prado, 27 scra 703(nov 11, 1939)

2. electoral tribunals and comm. on appointments

• -tanada v. cuenco, 103 phil 1051(feb 28, 1957) l-10520
• -cunanan v. tan, 5 scra 1 (may 10, 1962) l-19721
• -abbas v. set, 166 scra 651 (oct 27, 1988) l-83767
• -lazatin v. hret, 168 scra 391 (dec 8, 1988) 84297
• -daza v. singson, 180 scra 496 (dec 21, 1989) 86344
• -guingona v. gonzales, 214 scra 292 (aug 20,1992) 106971
• -bondoc v. pineda, 201 scra 292 (sep 26,1991) 9771

-powers and functions-3 inherent powers
-no power to pass irrepealable laws, non-delegation of powers, non-encroachment on other departments
-constituent powers, legislative inquiries, appropriation

• -demetria v. alba, 148 scra 197
• -guingona v. carague, 196 scra 221
• -philconsa v. enriquez, 236 scra 506

-power of taxation, scope and limitations
-concurrence in treaties and international agreements
-war powers
-power to fix tariff rates, etc.
b. legislative process
1. title of bill
2. origination
3. procedure of enactment
4. submission to president
5. substantive requirements and limitations
6. effectivity of laws

• -lidasan v. comelec, 21 scra 496
• -tio v. videogram regulatory board, 151 scra 208
• -chiongbian v. orbos, 285 scra 253, 6734
• -tolentino v. sec. of finance, supra
• -tanada v. tuvera, 136 scra 27, 146 scra 446
• -eo 200 (jun 18, 1987)

chapter xii -executive department
a. the president
-qualifications
-term, compensation, disabilities
-vacancy, succession
-impeachment
-prohibitions
1. powers, functions, prerogatives
-executive power

• -webb v. de leon,247 scra 652
• -philconsa v. enriquez, 235 scra 506
• -springer v. govt, 50 phil 259
• -marcos v. manglapus, 177 scra 668

-executive immunity

• -soliven v. makasiar, 167 scra 393

-power of control
-power of appointment

• -springer v. govt, 50 phil 259
• -sarmiento v. mison, 158 scra 549
• -quintos-deles v. concomm, 177 scra
• -calderon v. carale, 208 scra 254

-power of removal
-commander in chief powers
1. military powers
2. suspension of the writ of habeas corpus
3. martial law

• -lansang v. garcia, 42 scra 448
• -garcia-padilla v. ponce enrile, 121 scra 472
• -morales v. ponce enrile, 121 acra 538
• -aquino v. ponce enrile, 59 scra 183
• -aquino v. mil. comm. no. 2, 63 scra 545
• -sanidad v. comelec, supra
• -olaguer v. mil. comm. no. 34, 150 scra 14

4. executive clemency (pardoning power)
-pardon, definition and distinctions
-kinds, effects
-commutations, reprieves
-amnesty
5. power over foreign relations

• -gonzales v. hechanova, supra
• -deportation of undesirable aliens
• -treaty making, executive agreements
• -qua chee gan v. deportation board, 9 scra 27
• -go tek v. deportation board, supra

6. executive legislation, art vi sec 23

• -rodriguez v. gella

7. veto power

• -gonzales v. macaraeg, 191 scra 452
• -bengzon v. drillon, 208 scra 133
• -philconsa v. enriquez, 235 scra 506

8. power over local governments
9. residual powers

• -marcos v. manglapus, 117 scra 668, 178 scra 760

10. immunity from suit

• -soliven v. makasiar, 176 scra 393

b. the vice-president

chapter xiii -judicial department
1. supreme court-membership, composition, qualifications, compensation, tenure, removal

2.lower courts-establishment and jurisdiction, qualifications, appointment, tenure, reorganization, compensation, discipline
3. judicial and bar council
-powers and function
1.judicial power in general-in re sotto (contempt)
2.constitutional requirements for exercise of powers
-rule making functions; admission to the bar

• -in re: cunanan, 94 phil 534

3. administrative functions

chapter xiv- the constitutional commissions
-common provisions on compensation, disqualifications, inhibitions, power to appoint personnel, autonomy, rule making, procedure

the civil service commission
-no partisan political activity
-right to self organization
-right to strike

the commission on elections
-administrative functions
-adjudicatory or judicial
-registration and accreditation of political parties
-rule making

the commission on audit
-powers and functions

the commission on human rights
-powers and functions



agencies constitutionally mandated:
1. sandiganbayan
2. ombudsman
3. special prosecutor
4. neda
5. central monetary authority
6. agency on cooperatives
7. national language commission
8. napolcom
9. commission on indigenous cultural minorities


chapter xv -local governments
1. general supervision by the president
2. creation, abolition or division of lgu's
3. recall

• -malonzo v. comelec,(mar 5, 1997)

4. powers
-revenue raising and taxing
-share in the national taxes
-share in the proceeds of the national wealth
-coordination of efforts, services and resources
5. autonomous regions-creation, powers, general supervision by the president


chapter xvi -accountability of public officers
-public office as public trust

• -neri v. senate committee (may 2008) gr 180643
• -neri v. senate committee(sep 2008) Motion Reconsidered
  
• -senate v. ermita (april 20, 2006) gr 169777*

-impeachment
-disclosure of assets, liabilities and net worth
-ban on financial accommodations
-actions for recovery of illegally acquired wealth

agencies for accountability

• -congress by impeachment
  
• -sandiganbayan
  
• -ombudsman
  
• -office of the special prosecutor
  

chapter xvii -principles and policies
a. state relations and symbols
-democratic, republican state
-adoption of generally accepted principles of international law
-duties of states
-separation of church and state
-defense and police
-family, youth, and women
-autonomy of lgu's
-flag
b. social justice and human rights
c. health and environment
d. protection of labor
e. regulation of monopolies
f. agrarian and natural resources
g.urban land reform and housing
h. regulation of private land ownership, acquisition and disposition
i. peoples organization
j. national economy and patrimony
k. education, science and culture
l. academic freedom
m. communications



REFERENCES: The Philippine Consitution

intra-corporate controversy

interim rules of procedure for intra-corporate controversies (a.m.no.01-2-04-sc)

what civil cases are covered and governed by the procedure set out in the rules?(rule1,sec1[a])

(a) devices or schemes employed by, or any act of,

• -the board of directors,
  
• -business associates,
  
• -officers or partners,
  

amounting to fraud, or misrepresentation which may be detrimental to the interest of the public and/or of the stock holders, partners, or members of any corporation, partnership or association;

(b) controversies arising out of intra-corporate partnership, or association relations,

• -between and among stockholders, members or associates;
  
• -between any or all of them and the corporation, partnership or association of which they are stockholders, members or associates, respectively;
  

(c) controversies in the election or appointment of directors, trustees, officers, or managers of corporations, partnerships or associations;

(d) derivative suits; and

(e) inspection of corporate books.